不同产圈模式对母猪繁殖性能及应激水平的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.10.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究不同产圈对母猪繁殖性能及应激水平的影响，以期探究一种能在实际生产中推广应用的福利友好型哺乳母猪饲养模式。选取胎次相同，妊娠期、体况相近的24头二元杂交母猪（大白×长白），随机分为3个处理组，即限位栏产圈+高床组（Farrowing crate＋high bed group，FCB，n=8）、自由产圈+高床组（Freedom farrowing pen＋high bed group，FFPB，n=8）、自由产圈+部分发酵床地面组（Freedom farrowing pen＋partially fermented bed surface group，FFPF，n=8）。在母猪预产期的前7 d将其转入不同的产圈，分娩后第21天仔猪断奶。结果显示：1）FFPB、FFPF母猪分娩时长显著低于FCB（P＜0.05），FFPB母猪分娩间隔显著低于FCB（P＜0.05）；FFPB母猪血液催产素（Oxytocin，OT）及催乳素（Prolactin，PRL）含量有升高的趋势（P＜0.10）。2）在母猪转入产房后第2天，FFPB和FFPF母猪腰部体表温度显著低于FCB（P＜0.05）。在分娩后第7天，FFPB与FFPF母猪唾液α-淀粉酶（α-amylase，AMY）含量显著低于FCB（P＜0.05）。在分娩后第14天，FFPF母猪唾液AMY含量显著低于FCB（P＜0.05），FCB母猪唾液皮质醇（Cortisol，COR）有明显升高的趋势。结果表明：在分娩当天，自由产圈母猪血液繁殖激素含量升高，产程及分娩间隔时间减少；分娩后的1~2周内，自由产圈母猪应激水平明显降低，更接近福利友好型哺乳母猪饲养模式。

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different patterns of farrowing pens on reproductive performance and stress level of sows，in order to explore a kind of welfare and friendly feeding mode of lactating sows that could be popularized and applied in practical production.Twenty-four hybrid sows (Large White × Landrace) which had same parity，similar pregnancy and body condition were randomly assigned to 3 treatments：farrowing crate＋high bed group (FCB，n=8)，freedom farrowing pen＋high bed group (FFPB，n=8) and freedom farrowing pen＋partially fermented bed surface group (FFPF，n=8).The 7^th day before farrowing，sows were transferred to different patterns farrowing pens.The 21^st day after farrowing，piglets were weaned.The results showed that：1) farrowing time in FFPB and FFPF was significantly lower than in FCB (P＜0.05)；average farrowing interval in FFPB was significantly lower than in FCB (P＜0.05)；the levels of blood plasma oxytocin (OT) and prolactin (PRL) in FFPB showed an increasing trend (P＜0.10).2) The 2^nd day after transferation of sows to farrowing pens，waist surface temperature in FFPB and FFPF was significantly lower than in FCB (P＜0.05).The 7^th day after farrowing，salivary α-amylase (AMY) level in FFPB and FFPF was significantly lower than in FCB (P＜0.05).The 14^th day after farrowing，salivary AMY level in FFPF was significantly lower than in FCB (P＜0.05)，and cortisol (COR) level in FCB showed increasing trend (P＜0.10).These results indicated that：at the day of farrowing，reproductive hormones levels in freedom farrowing pens were increased while farrowing duration and average farrowing interval were reduced.Within 1 to 2 weeks after farrowing，stress level in freedom farrowing pens was obvious decreased，indicating freedom farrowing pens were more close to the welfare and friendly feeding mode of feeding sows.

中图分类号:

S828.2

张校军，王占彬，鲍伟光，高乾坤，万熙卿，顾宪红，郝月，崔艳军. 不同产圈模式对母猪繁殖性能及应激水平的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016, 47(10): 2027-2036.

ZHANG Xiao-jun，WANG Zhan-bin，BAO Wei-guang，GAO Qian-kun，WAN Xi-qing，GU Xian-hong，HAO Yue，CUI Yan-jun. Effect of Different Modes of Farrowing Pens on Reproductive Performance and Stress Level of Sows[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2016, 47(10): 2027-2036.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.xmsyxb.com/CN/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.10.011

https://www.xmsyxb.com/CN/Y2016/V47/I10/2027

参考文献

［1］刘世荣，刘雁征，李云开.规模化猪场动物福利的环境丰富度调控技术研究进展［J］.中国畜牧兽医，2007，34(12)：129-131.
LIU S R，LIU Y Z，LI Y K.Progress in the study of environmental enrichment regulation technology large-scale pig farm animal welfare［J］.China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine，2007，34(12)：129-131.(in Chinese)
［2］刘洪贵.不同福利措施及品种对母猪的行为、生理、免疫、健康及生产性能的影响［D］.哈尔滨：东北农业大学，2013.
LIU H G.Effect of the different breeds and methods on behavior，physiological，immunization，Injure and production indicator of pigs［D］.Harbin：Northeast Agricultural University，2013.(in Chinese)
［3］BAXTER E M，ADELEYE O O，JACK M C，et al.Achieving optimum performance in a loose-housed farrowing system for sows：The effects of space and temperature［J］. Appl Anim Behav Sci，2015，169：9-16.
［4］CHIDGEY K L，MOREL P C H，STAFFORD K J，et al.Sow and piglet productivity and sow reproductive performance in farrowing pens with temporary crating or farrowing crates on a commercial New Zealand Pig Farm［J］. Livest Sci，2015，173：87-94.
［5］施正香.健康养猪的空间环境构建与养殖技术模式研究［D］.北京：中国农业大学，2014.
SHI Z X.Study on spatial environmental building and healthy raising technologies in pig loose housing system［D］.Beijing：China Agricultural University，2014.(in Chinese)
［6］BONDE M，ROUSING T，BADSBERG J H，et al.Associations between lying-down behaviour problems and body condition，limb disorders and skin lesions of lactating sows housed in farrowing crates in commercial sow herds［J］.Livest Prod Sci，2004，87(2-3)：179-187.
［7］SILVA B A N，OLIVEIRA R F M，DONZELE J L，et al.Effect of floor cooling on performance of lactating sows during summer［J］. Livest Sci，2006，105(1-3)：176-184.
［8］LAWRENCE A B，P ETHERICK J C，MCLEAN K A，et al.The effect of environment on behaviour，plasma cortisol and prolactin in parturient sows［J］.Appl Anim Behav Sci，1994，39(94)：313-330.
［9］OLIVIERO C，HEINONEN M，VALROS A，et al.Environmental and sow-related factors affecting the duration of farrowing［J］.Anim Reprod Sci，2010，119(1-2)：85-91.
［10］BRACKE M B M，SPRUIJT B M，METZ J H M，et al.Decision support system for overall welfare assessment in pregnant sows A：Model structure and weighting procedure［J］.J Anim Sci，2002a，80(7)：1819-1834.
［11］BRACKE M B M，SPRUIJT B M，METZ J H M，et al.Decision support system for overall welfare assessment in pregnant sows A：Model structure and weighting procedure［J］.J Anim Sci，2002b，80(7)：1835-1845.
［12］顾招兵，李明丽，高娅俊，等.自由式分娩猪栏设计及应用效果［J］.农业工程学报，2011，27(2)：40-44.
GU Z B，LI M L，GAO Y J，et al.Design of freedom farrowing pen and application effects［J］.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering，2011，27(2)：40-44.(in Chinese)
［13］HALES J，MOUSTSEN V A，DEVREESE A M，et al.Comparable farrowing progress in confined and loose housed hyper-prolific sows［J］. Livest Sci，2015，171：64-72.
［14］SILVA B A N，OLIVEIRA R F M，DONZELE J L，et al.Effect of floor cooling on performance of lactating sows during summer［J］. Livest Sci，2006，105(1)：176-184.
［15］CRONIN G M，SIMPSON G，HEMSWORTH P H.The effects of the gestation and farrowing environments on sow and piglet behaviour and piglet survival and growth in early lactation［J］.Appl Anim Behav Sci，1996，46(3-4)：175-192.
［16］JARVIS S，REED B T，LAWRENCE A B，et al.Pituitary-adrenal activation in pre-parturient pigs (Sus scrofa) is associated with behavioural restriction due to lack of space rather than nesting substrate［J］.Anim Welfare，2002，11(4)：371-384.
［17］MELISOVA M，VASDAL G，BROOM D M，et al.Increasing the piglets’ use of the creep area—A battle against biology?［J］.Appl Anim Behav Sci，2010，125(125)：96-102.
［18］GU Z B，GAO Y J，LIN B Z，et al.Impacts of a freedom farrowing pen design on sow behaviours and performance［J］. Prev Vet Med，2011，102(4)：296-303.
［19］KILBRIDE A L，MENDL M，STATHAM P，et al.A cohort study of preweaning piglet mortality and farrowing accommodation on 112 commercial pig farms in England［J］.Prev Vet Med，2012，104(3-4)：281-291.
［20］RANDALL G C.Observations on parturition in the sow.I.Factors associated with the delivery of the piglets and their subsequent behaviour［J］.Vet Rec，1972，90(7)：178-182
［21］MADEC F，LEON E.Farrowing disorders in the sow：a field study［J］. Zen Für Vet Rei A，1992，39(6)：433-444.
［22］DIJK V A J，RENS B T T V，TAVENE M A M，et al.Factors affecting duration of the expulsive stage of parturition and piglet birth intervals in sows with uncomplicated，spontaneous farrowings［J］.Theriogenology，2005，64(7)：1573-1590.
［23］杨菲菲.母猪断奶时背膘厚度对配种间隔和下一胎繁殖性能的影响［J］.现代农业科技，2013，23：264-265.
YANG F F.Backfat thickness effects on reproductive performance of breeding interval and the next child at the time of weaning［J］.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology，2013，23：264-265.(in Chinese)
［24］MAESE D G D，JANSSENSG P J，DELPUTTE P，et al.Back fat measurements in sows from three commercial pig herds relationship with reproductive efficiency and correlation with visual body condition scores［J］.Livest Prod Sci，2004，91(1-2)：57-67.
［25］吴南，苏彦捷.催产素及受体基因与社会适应行为［J］.心理科学进展，2012，20(6)：863-874.
WU N，SU Y J.Oxytocin，oxytocin receptor genotypes and social adaptive behavior［J］.Advances in Psychological Science，2012，20(6)：863-874.(in Chinese)
［26］INSEL T R.Toward a neurobiology of attachment［J］. Rev Gen Psychol，2000，4(4)：176-185.
［27］OLIVIERO C，HEINONEN M，VALROS A，et al.Effect of the environment on the physiology of the sow during late pregnancy，farrowing and early lactation［J］.Anim Reprod Sci，2008，105(3-4)：365-377.
［28］CHEN S，SATO S.Role of oxytocin in improving the welfare of farm animals［J］.Asian Austral J Anim， 2016.
［29］BROOM D M，FRASER A F.Domestic animal behaviour and welfare［M］.London：Cambridge University Press，2007，64-66.
［30］UVNAS-MOBERG K.Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions［J］. Psychoneuroendocrinology，1998，23(8)：819-835.
［31］ALGERS B，ROJANASTHIEN S，UVNAS-MOBERG K.The relationship between teat stimulation，oxytocin release and grunting rate in the sow during nursing［J］.Appl Anim Behav Sci，1990，26(3)：267-276.
［32］CHEN S，TANAKA S，OGURA S，et al.Effect of suckling systems on serum oxytocin and cortisol concentrations and behavior to a novel object in beef calves［J］.Asian Austral J Anim，2015，28(11)：1662-1668.
［33］KUROSAWA M，LUNDEBERG T，AGREN G，et al.Massage-like stroking of the abdomen lowers blood pressure in anesthetized rats：influence of oxytocin［J］.J Autonom Nerv Syst，1995，56(1-2)：26-30.
［34］FAVA M，GUARALDI G P.Prolactin and stress［J］. Stress Med，2006，3(3)：211-216.
［35］VALROS A A，RUNDGRENB M，SALONIEMI H，et al.Oxytocin，prolactin and somatostatin in lactating sows：associations with mobilisation of body resources and maternal behaviour［J］.Livest Prod Sci，2003，85(1)：3-13.
［36］TALLING J C，WARAN N K，WATHES C M，et al.Behavioural and physiological responses of pigs to sound［J］.Appl Anim Behav Sci，1996，48(3)：187-202.
［37］韦福鑫.双翅目昆虫侵袭应激牛体对牛的护体行为反应、体表温度、心率及免疫机能的影响［D］.呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学，2014.
WEI F X.Effects of diptera insect invasion on fly-repelling，skin temperature，heart rate and immune function of the cattle［D］.Hohhot：Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，2014.(in Chinese)
［38］于世征，郝月，顾宪红.生产性能测定站对生长猪应激水平和采食行为的影响［J］.畜牧兽医学报，2013，44(9)：1411-1416.
YU S Z，HAO Y，GU X H.Effect of electronic feeding stating on stress level an feeding behavior of growing pigs［J］.Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica，2013，44(9)：1411-1416.(in Chinese)
［39］O’DRISCOLL K，TEIXEIRA D L，O’GORMAN D.The influence of a magnesium rich marine supplementon behaviour，salivary cortisol levels，and skin lesions in growing pigs exposed to acute stressors［J］.Appl Anim Behav Sci，2013，145(3-4)：92-101.
［40］KATJA P，GLORIA-BEATRICE W，MARCO S.Blunted salivary and plasma cortisol response in patients with panic disorder under psychosocial stress［J］.Livest Prod Sci，2013，88(1)：35-39.
［41］DRESCHEL N A，GRANGER D A.Physiological and behavioral reactivity to stress in thunderstorm-phobic dogs and their caregivers［J］.Appl Anim Behav Sci，2005，95(3-4):153-168.
［42］YUN J，SWAN K，OLIVIERO C，et al.Effects of prepartum housing environment on abnormal behaviour，the farrowing process，and interactions with circulating oxytocin in sows［J］.Appl Anim Behav Sci，2015，162：20-25.
［43］HELLHAMMER D H，STEFAN W，BRIGITTE M K.Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research［J］.Psychoneuroendocrinology，2009，34(2)：163-171.
［44］MURATA H，SHIMADA N，YOSHIOKA M.Current research on acute phase proteins in veterinary diagnosis：an overvie［J］.Vet J，2004，168(1)：28-40.
［45］BURGER W，EWALD C，FENNERT E M.Increase in C-reactive protein in the serum of piglets (pCRP) following ACTH or corticosteroid administration［J］.Zen Für Vet Rei A，1998，45(1)：1-6.
［46］SCHUMACHER S，KIRSCHBAUM C，FYDRICH T，Is salivary alpha-amylase an indicator of autonomic nervous system dysregulations in mental disorders?-A review of preliminary findings and the interactions with cortisol［J］. Psychoneuroendocrinology，2013，38(6)：729-743.
［47］NATER UM ROHLEDER N.Salivary alpha-amylase as a non-invasive biomarker for the sympathetic nervous system current state of research［J］.Psychoneuroendocrinology，2009，34(4)：486-496.
［48］KANG Y.Psychological stress-induced changes in salivary alpha-amylase and adrenergic activity［J］. Nurs Health Sci，2010,12(4)：477-484.
［49］HAMILTON L D，FOGLE E A，MESTON C M.The roles of testosterone and alpha-amylase in exercise-induced sexual arousal in women［J］. J Sex Med，2008，5(4)：845-853.

[1]	牛乃琪, 赵润泽, 宗文成, 刘先策, 刘海, 石国华, 井西涛, 张龙超. 北京黑猪GREB1L和MIB1基因多态性与肋骨数及胴体性状的关联分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(1): 79-86.
[2]	祝雪丽, 张龙超, 王立贤, 蒲蕾, 刘欣. 北京黑猪AQP9和RPS10基因多态性及其与背膘厚的关联分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(1): 87-98.
[3]	杨凯, 卢倬达, 何健, 张瑞琪, 王素青, 李克标, 赵云翔, 朱晓萍, 郭金彪. 商品猪群体效应对纯种猪胴体性状基因组选择准确性的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(12): 4943-4951.
[4]	徐婷婷, 齐芬芳, 黄世会, 牛熙, 李升, 冉雪琴, 王嘉福, 谢健. 香猪MAP3K4基因结构变异多态性和基因表达研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(12): 5046-5055.
[5]	胡紫平, 王立刚, 宗文成, 侯任达, 苏艳芳, 牛乃琪, 王立贤, 王源, 张龙超. 基于基因组SNP和ROH的剑白香猪群体遗传结构解析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(10): 4117-4125.
[6]	季铮渝, 倪梦茹, 张兆博, 赵赶, 黄赞, 李平华, 黄瑞华, 侯黎明. 苏淮猪背最长肌FAPs细胞体外成脂能力及其基因表达模式的研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(10): 4126-4142.
[7]	毕欢, 覃海, 袁巍, 张雨丹, 张依裕, 陈伟. 敲降TYRP1基因对香猪表皮黑素细胞黑色素生成的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(10): 4143-4153.
[8]	王慧, 冯保亮, 吴丹, 向光明, 王楠, 牟玉莲, 李奎, 刘志国. CD163基因在猪繁殖与呼吸综合征抗病育种中的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(8): 3127-3138.
[9]	张万锋, 赵天枝, 李娇, 尤紫薇, 杨阳, 蔡春波, 高鹏飞, 曹果清, 郭晓红, 李步高. NR2F2基因调控猪PK15细胞增殖和凋亡的研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(8): 3242-3251.
[10]	路畅, 董磊, 张万锋, 高鹏飞, 郭晓红, 蔡春波, 曹果清, 李步高. 基于全基因组重测序对晋汾白猪单核苷酸多态性位点鉴定和筛选[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(7): 2761-2771.
[11]	杨晴, 巩静, 赵雪艳, 朱晓东, 耿立英, 张传生, 王继英. 芯片和重测序在猪遗传结构研究中的应用比较[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(7): 2772-2782.
[12]	王静琳, 刘阳光, 徐启隆, 陈朔, 邓在双, 程诗雨, 丁月云, 郑先瑞, 殷宗俊, 张晓东. 皖岳黑猪基因组遗传变异分析及特征SNPs挖掘[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(7): 2783-2793.
[13]	周辅臣, 叶健, 郭才金, 曾海玉, 吴珍芳, 董林松, 蔡更元. 杜洛克猪瘦肉率性状的窝效应分析及遗传参数估计[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(6): 2288-2296.
[14]	赵真坚, 王书杰, 陈栋, 姬祥, 申琦, 余杨, 崔晟頔, 王俊戈, 陈子旸, 唐国庆. 基于低深度全基因组测序分析内江猪群体结构和遗传多样性[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(6): 2297-2307.
[15]	陶璇, 杨雪梅, 梁艳, 刘一辉, 汪勇, 孔繁晶, 雷云峰, 杨跃奎, 王言, 安瑞, 杨坤, 吕学斌, 何志平, 顾以韧. 基于SNP芯片的丫杈猪保种群体遗传结构研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(6): 2308-2319.